Clinical assessment for Paramedics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clinical assessment for Paramedics - Essay Example It is normally non-server and can last between 30 minutes to several days. This type is linked to things like stress, dehydration, poor posture or skipping a meal. Tension headache really causes nausea and vomiting and may not interfere with the activities of daily living. Migraine headache; is a less tense headache. Usually felt as throbbing pain at the front side of the head. Cluster headache; occurs in clusters for a month or two at the same time of the year. Cluster headache is the most server type with the descried as having a burning sensation or a piercing/ throbbing quality. The pain is usually located behind one eye or in the region of the eye without changing sides (Gladstone & Dodick, 2004, pp. 304–314). Mixed headache; is also called transformed migraine. This is a combination of tension and migraine headache and is experienced by both adults and children. Inferring to case 1, the patient is suffering from a tension headache with the pain rated at 5/10. The patient presents with the headache following stressful episodes and the pain feels like a tight band around the head make the type of headache in case one fit the diagnosis of a tension headache. Ordinary painkillers such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, lifestyle changes and hydration are important for its management. Despite the headache being, non-severe the patient will be followed up after discharged, as the headache may be a symptom of an underlying condition. In the process of discharging the patient, neurological test would be necessary to rule out diseases that might cause the headache like multiple sclerosis, epilepsy cerebrovascular diseases. Mental status examination (MSE) would be done to assess the orientation of the patient to person, place and time as an indication of fitness of his/her neurological status (Loder et al., 2008, pp. 88-92). Gladstone, J.P. & Dodick, D.W., 2004. Revised 2004 International Classification of

Collaboration with Illegal Domestic Spying Program Essay Example for Free

Collaboration with Illegal Domestic Spying Program Essay The case by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) against AT T presents a clear infringement upon personal privacy. The decision to allow the spy agency- National Security Agency (NSA) exclusive access to telephone conversations and email communications of its consumers violates the fourth amendment, which guarantees every American ‘the right to be let alone,† which includes privacy of private, sensitive information. Generally, privacy is â€Å"the expectation that confidential personal information disclosed in a private place will not be disclosed to third parties, when that disclosure would cause either embarrassment or emotional distress to a person of reasonable sensitivities† (Standler, 1997). It is without doubt, indeed, that no individual would like to hear their bedroom conversations heard in republic, or shrug it off if they knew somebody else at Langley was analyzing their private emails and messages sent over the phone. These surveillance programs are in contravention of the US constitution and privacy safeguards instituted by Congress. The fourth amendment prohibits unwarranted intrusion into individuals’ privacy, and the NSA surveillance was not warranted. As it were, they were conducted legal authorization or the approval of the court. Even if the government was ‘collecting criminal evidence,’ in the wake of terrorist attacks on US soil, the fact that the consumers were not aware of the surveillance makes it a violation of privacy rights. Indeed, it is reported that the then President George Bush acknowledged authorizing the surveillance as a strategy to track and monitor terrorists who might be operating inside the US. However, some of his senior administrators are on record of confessing that â€Å"the President’s authorization went beyond the surveillance of terrorists and conceded that the program did not comply with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act† (Sandler, 1997). In any case, it is provided by the Fifth Amendment that â€Å"no person, however guilty, shall be compelled to stand as witness of himself in any criminal case. † In a ruling of the first privacy case in America in 1928, Olmstead vs. the United States, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis argued that it was unconstitutional to collect evidence from individuals without their knowledge and consent. In the case, Omlstead was implicated for illegally distributing alcoholic beverages, on evidence wire-tapped from his telephone conversations. The NSA surveillance program might be justified under circumstances which compromise national security. After the 9/11 attacks by terrorists believed to have connections to Al Qaeda, it becomes a matter of national concern to monitor electronic communications both domestically and internationally. This is more so the case since terrorist groups have taken advantage of technological revolutions in communication to network, coordinate, plan and execute their attacks. Thus, as far as ensuring the safety of Americans is concerned, the NSA has a right, regardless the constitutionality of such a right or the authority sanctioning it, to go the extra mile necessary to provide that security. Nonetheless, the protocol for collecting evidential information to press criminal charges against culprits is clearly stated by the law. Acting outside the bounds of legal provisions infringes personal privacy, which is clearly the case of the AT T and NSA collaboration. This is a government conspiracy to deny Americans their freedom to express themselves freely, which experts have termed as not mere wire-tapping, but a country-tapping project on ordinary Americans by NSA. In conclusion, the bottom line is the unwarranted manner in which the surveillance was conducted, without the consumers’ knowledge. It rests with the provisions of the US constitution. It is every American’s right â€Å"to be let alone. And to guard against the violation of that right, â€Å"every unjustifiable intrusion by the government upon the privacy of the individual, whatever the means employed, must be deemed a breach of the Fourth Amendment† (Avakov, 164). Works Cited Avakov, Aleksandr V. Platos dreams realized: surveillance and citizen rights from KGB to FBI. Algora Publishing, New York, 2007. Brandis Louis. U. S. Supreme Court: Olmstead vs US, 277 U. S 438 (1928). June 4 1928. Retrieved August 11, 2010 http://faculty. uml. edu/sgallagher/olmstead. htm Standler, Ronald B. Privacy Law in the USA. May 26 1998. Retrieved August 11, 2010 http://www. rbs2. com/privacy. htm

Abortion - Its Only Natural :: essays papers

Abortion - It's Only Natural The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. The fight between pro-life and pro-choice supporters has has caused countless confrontations and several deaths. Despite what many people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is a matter of personal opinion. In this way, each side can say with certainty that the other is wrong. Therefore the question remains; should abortion be legal? Though some may disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the only option that will protect the lives of American citizens. One only needs to look into American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women. The violence which occurs today because the of pro-choice/pro-life conflicts is minimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to the illegal abortions --either self-inflicted or preformed by the backroom "professionals"-- which resulted in infection, massive blood loss, and death. It is better now that they have a place to go where abortions can be performed cleanly and with minimal risk. Legalization of abortion is the only choice no matter what side one takes in the debate. Women will try to do what they think is necessary to live as they wish, no matter what the risk. In order to live as she chooses a woman may give up her freedom, her morals, her beliefs, her family, or even her life. Abortion has been around for thousands of years in every inhabited corner of the globe. It has always been accepted as a means to prevent the suffering of both woman and potential child. It has been practiced widely in every society for many reasons including famine, war, poverty, overpopulation, or simply because a woman felt she was not ready for a child (Whitney 40). No one ever questioned a woman's right to this procedure. After all, who but God had the right to judge what a woman did with her own body? This thought process lasted till the 1800's. During this era of change people began to turn their attention in a new direction, the fetus. They began to protest abortion as cruel, inhumane, and murderous. Filled with a new sense of purpose and the glory of a fresh, righteous cause to uphold this new morality swept the countryside Abortion - It's Only Natural :: essays papers Abortion - It's Only Natural The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. The fight between pro-life and pro-choice supporters has has caused countless confrontations and several deaths. Despite what many people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is a matter of personal opinion. In this way, each side can say with certainty that the other is wrong. Therefore the question remains; should abortion be legal? Though some may disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the only option that will protect the lives of American citizens. One only needs to look into American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women. The violence which occurs today because the of pro-choice/pro-life conflicts is minimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to the illegal abortions --either self-inflicted or preformed by the backroom "professionals"-- which resulted in infection, massive blood loss, and death. It is better now that they have a place to go where abortions can be performed cleanly and with minimal risk. Legalization of abortion is the only choice no matter what side one takes in the debate. Women will try to do what they think is necessary to live as they wish, no matter what the risk. In order to live as she chooses a woman may give up her freedom, her morals, her beliefs, her family, or even her life. Abortion has been around for thousands of years in every inhabited corner of the globe. It has always been accepted as a means to prevent the suffering of both woman and potential child. It has been practiced widely in every society for many reasons including famine, war, poverty, overpopulation, or simply because a woman felt she was not ready for a child (Whitney 40). No one ever questioned a woman's right to this procedure. After all, who but God had the right to judge what a woman did with her own body? This thought process lasted till the 1800's. During this era of change people began to turn their attention in a new direction, the fetus. They began to protest abortion as cruel, inhumane, and murderous. Filled with a new sense of purpose and the glory of a fresh, righteous cause to uphold this new morality swept the countryside

An Indepth Look at HG Wells :: essays papers

An Indepth Look at HG Wells Herbert George Wells was born on September 21, 1866 in Bromley, England, the last of four children. His mother was a house cleaner and his father was a shopkeeper. When he was eight years old, he broke his leg, spent a lot of time reading, and discovered an intense interest in books. At the age of thirteen, his father was injured in an accident so Wells had to leave school and work for a draper. He hated this work and managed to change his employment by working for his uncle and becoming a part-time tutor. This gave him the opportunity to continue his studies in his free time. He finally won a scholarship to The Normal School of Science in London. He worked as a journalist while continuing his education. In 1891, he married his cousin Isabel. In 1894, he and Isabel were divorced and he then married one of his pupils. In 1895, Wells’ first major work was published- Select Conversations with an Uncle. His next book, The Time Machine, also published in 1895, started Wells on his road to success. This book was followed by The Island of Doctor Moreau, in 1896, The Invisible Man, in 1897, and War of the Worlds, in 1898.[1] H.G. Wells was one of the fathers of modern science fiction. He made his reputation as a writer through what he called â€Å"scientific romances†[2], a comment he made about his own science fiction in the 1930’s. However, he himself said that there were radical differences between his science fiction and that of Jules Verne. Wells said that his own work was â€Å"an exercise of the imagination†,[2] as in The Invisible Man and The War of the Worlds. In these books he was not suggesting a serious possibility, just trying to imagine what might happen in a given situation.[2] Jules Verne, on the other hand, based his stories on scientific knowledge. He criticized Wells as basing his books on fantastic, not scientific, assumptions. Wells in some of his books, however, like The Island of Dr. Moreau, did deal with what he called â€Å"Fantasies of possibilities†.[2] Wells also considered himself a philosophical writer and urged that some of his books be taken seriously.

Benefits and opportunity to the business Essay

An effective ‘Marketing Mix’ including all 7 is a way of identifying a businesses achievements of marketing objectives, meeting customer needs, is balanced and consistent, creates a competitive advantage and matches corporate resources. ‘It is known as a â€Å"mix† because each ingredient affects the other and the mix must overall be suitable to the target customer’. The 7p’s include: -Product -Price -Place -Promotion -People -Process -Physical Evidence * Product: This is first considered in the marketing mix as it all depends on it. This can be a physical product or a service that the corporation is offering to the public. The only way to have a good marketing strategy is by making sure that the ‘product’ is up to standard, promoting every quality part of that good or service. ASOS Products: ASOS promotes their products very effectively as they use clever visual tools such as 360-degree view of their product, video and picture to enhance the quality of the product itself. They also provide a range of products and service including clothes, accessories, shoes/sandals etc and its provided for men and women. They include their own brand and designer wear which shows that they have high quality in their product. ASOS have mentioned in their annual report that their 20 biggest brands are now represented by a ‘shop in shop’ providing a rich brand experience for their customers and a unique distribution platform for ASOS brand partners. ASOS also sells a range of products matching famous celebrity’s outfits that customers would want to buy. ASOS, online or in their magazine provides customers the latest fashion info and what not to wear giving them an advantage to promote their products. Their business attract over 5.2 million visitors per month and has over 24,000 lines for sale. * Price: This is the total amount a customer pays for the product. It is decided through a number of factors a product have to offer including material costs, product identity, competition, market share and the customer’s percieved value of the product. If other store/business have the same product on stock other businesses may decrease or increase their price for customer satisfaction. ASOS Price: Thier price for the products vary depending on the product – quality, brand etc. For the designer items it can be expensive, although ASOS may provide same looking product without the brand name making it affordable. With the price they offer ASOS is making a Profit over  £10,009,000 (figure taken from ASOS annual report) as they have increased number of active shoppers over 1.2 million. * Place: Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often known as the distribution channel. The place can be situated as a physical store or as virtuals stores on the internet. ASOS Place: ASOS.com is rapidly becoming the market leader in the UK online fashion world. All the products are sold ONLINE and not located anywhere else where people can purchase ASOS items Promotion: Is a way of communication that a business/organisation may use in the market place. It enables the marketer to a advertise the product or service being provided by them. Advertisement is a powerful tool that corporations uses to enhance their products/service to encourage buyers/customers. Promotion has four distinct elements made up of advertising, public relations, word of mouth and point of sale. ASOS Promotion: As their business is purely based upon the internet everything is promoted through the World Wide Web on the website and off. They have promotion on other websites and also ASOS has developed an application to allow customers to track particular products on its sites through their web browser, whatever websites they are looking at. The online retailer has used functionality within the latest version of Microsoft’s Internet Explorer 8 web brower. ASOS.com also mentions on the annual report that one of their aim is to have Uncompromising Presentation. ‘The ASOS website is our shop window and we will continue to develop it to ensure that our customers enjoy their time on the site and find it easy to find their way around it’ this being a vital promotion towards their website. ASOS organisation communicates information about their product and service to potential customers by identifying customer details and sends them information through mail, post etc aiming to sell the products. Another advertising method ASOS uses on their website is that they have added a page of feedback from customers which enables ‘public relation’ which is one of the promotion powerful element. People: It is appropriate to have people in the marketing of services as all people who directly or indirectly influence the perceied value of the product or service, inlcuding knowledge workers, employees, management of the business and also the consumers. People deliver services – they could be any mentioned. People promote and sell. products and services. For example promotion elements inlcuding ‘word of mouth’ ‘public relation’ is achieved through PEOPLE. Service quality is a key source of customer retention and brand differentiation. Hence skills, manner and appearance are important. ASOS People: Are their employees, customers – their family and friends, and any other people associated with ASOS.com. Employees are important to this strategy of marketing mix as in can be those who deliever the products to customers. So they have to polite, helpful and have the knowledge of the business for them to answer any questions provided by the customer. It can also be the employees that answer the phone when any customer calls for any quiries. ASOS.com also have employees updating their website and replying to emails and online comments on their feedback page. ASOS employees has the knowledge, training and other aspect helping the business with marketing for their business. ASOS customers are also people that help in the marketing of services as they spread the business information. Process: This is the procedures of activities which lead to an exchange of value. The process should include how customers are handled from first and last point of contact. ASOS Process: ASOS is determined to be number one in the online market. They have thought through their process and kept it clear and have made it customer satisfactory. ASOS’s strategy consists of aims that has a well-defined process. ASOS have control of their website, their information/images etc are presented without any doubt intelligibly promotional. Payments are all done through their website online as they are only an online business. Also they have a step-by-step information on how to use and buy off their website, they also have page on delivery information. Here they can track down on where shopping is, know how much is cost to deliver, know when to expect the delievery etc. Physical Evidence: It is the tangible form of the service – the service – this can include how a customer is treated by a staff member, a train ticket, the length of time a customer has to wait for service or their product (depending on the business). A physical evidence is aproof for customer to measure whether he or she has recieved value. ASOS Physical Evidence: As ASOS.com is an online company their customer has difficulty not knowing how for example a dress will feel, look on them. ASOS therefore provides annual reports, articles, etc showing them that ASOS products are worth the value. ASOS helps customers with their products by giving them full information about the product. They have recieved awards that convince customers to buy online. First award was given to them in 2008 from Company High Street Awards for ‘Best Place To Spend’ and the second was given in 2009 from Drapers Etail Awards for ‘Best Customer Experience Cosmopolitan Online Fashion Awards – Best for Bargains’. ASOS allows to give unwanted products back and their staff are always helpful and polite towards their customer as its one of their business objectives.

Where Can I Find Sources for My Research Paper or 7 Search Engines Used for Scientific Purposes

Where Can I Find Sources for My Research Paper or 7 Search Engines Used for Scientific Purposes Where Can I Find Sources for My Research Paper or 7 Search Engines Used for Scientific Purposes When it is time for writing research papers, students often do not know what to begin with. The first step is to find some sources for your paper, but these sources must be accurate and reliable. Here are seven search engines that will help you find credible information for your research paper. 1. Google Scholar The main benefit of Google Scholar is that it is extremely easy to use, since it functions just like the standard Google search engine. The key difference is the quality and credibility of the sources Google Scholar provides. The specialized search engine filters out the most reliable scholarly results, so it includes many journal articles and other resources written by academics. If you want a quick, easy, and reliable search engine, try using Google Scholar next time you have to write a research paper. 2. Intute This UK-based search engine employs specialists that evaluate thousands of resources to help determine which are safe and credible for students to use. In addition to filtering out unreliable and unnecessary sites, Intute offers 60 free tutorials from experts like librarians and college professors on how to develop your online research skills. This can be an excellent resource for freshmen in particular, who may have little or no experience with high-level researches. 3. RefSeek Like other scholarly search engines, RefSeek filters out the thrum that crowds the Internet and brings credible sources to the forefront. Designed specifically for students and other researchers, RefSeek allows you to search for only actual documents to help ensure that you have found the most credible information for your research paper. 4. Your School’s Online Library One of the best sources for writing your research paper is the school’s online library. At most colleges and universities, you can visit your school library via your computer or mobile device. Online libraries typically provide students with wonderful resources like credible online databases, eBooks, scholarly journal articles and periodicals. 5. iSeek iSeek is a simple search engine that functions similarly to Google. You type a question into the search engine or keywords related to your research topic. Resources on the search engine include the information from universities and a variety of other sites. All commercial sites and sources are filtered out, and it shows only the most relevant, credible sources. 6. Internet Public Library This search engine does not provide scholarly articles, but directs you to websites instead. However, it will link you to the most credible sites ending with .gov and .org. The Internet Public Library also allows you to search by subject, and online librarians are available to help you find the most relevant sources for your research paper. If you’re interested in websites more than scholarly articles, the Internet Public Library is a good search engine to direct you to the most reliable ones. 7. Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) ERIC is a database that can be a bit more complex than some of the search engines listed above. However, it includes more specific search settings that can help you narrow your searching to the most useful information for your research paper. With ERIC, you can limit your results to articles written only within a specific time period, and you can select articles that are peer reviews or full texts only. The full text option ensures that you will not find yourself intrigued by a scholarly article, only will receive a notification that you must pay $20 to continue reading. If you do not mind a slightly more complicated search, ERIC can help you find some excellent and relevant resources for your research paper. Check out the seven search engines we have shared with you here, and see which one works best for you. Each option listed here will help you find only the most credible, reliable, and accurate resources for your research paper. If you use these sites, you will never find yourself asking, â€Å"Where can I find sources for my research paper?† again.

Reinventing Government Example

Reinventing Government Example Reinventing Government – Coursework Example Reinventing Government Reinventing Government Introduction The main purpose of reinventing is to enable the government, private sectors, local government efficient and result-oriented. Similarly, reinventing must help in keeping cost of production in the economy as low as possible.Streamlining Government BusinessReinventing government initiative can help in streamlining government methods of doing business in many ways. The government forms various partnerships with local government and private sector. During the reinvention, government agencies build more contacts with the public (Kamarck, 2013). Consequently, the agencies should undergo reforms that enhance faster and better delivery of services to customers.Reinvention of the government incorporates the efforts to have an e-government. E-government promotes critical information and services through use of the internet. The government establishes NPR that works with agencies in developing one- stop websites. Consequently, students in learning institutions manage to make educational loan application and elders find it easy to know more about their social security benefits (Cropf, 2008). In addition, enterprises belonging to small business owners find access and assistance to capital.It is unjustified to outsource government services because reinventing government aims at restoring the trust of people of America into self-government. Further, the process should also provide the basis for confidence that the government can effect positive impacts in their lives (Breul & Kamensky, 2009). Reinvention, therefore, should be self-sustaining without necessarily outsourcing services from other economies. The government, however, should not hire fewer employees because it would render many American citizens jobless. The government should consider hiring a good number of employees. Further, it should keep favorable wage rates to ensure cost of production remains lower.ReferencesBreul, J. D. & Kamensky, J. M. (2009), Fede ral Government Reform: Lessons from Clinton’s â€Å"Reinventing Government† and Bush’s â€Å"Management Agenda† Initiatives. Public Administration Review, 68:  1009–1026. doi:  10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.00950.xCropf, R. (2008). American Public Administration: Public Service for the 21st Century. New York, NY: Pearson Longman.Kamarck, E. (June 18, 2013). Lessons for the Future of Government Reform. Brookings. New York.

Guide the way with subheading signposts - Emphasis

Guide the way with subheading signposts Guide the way with subheading signposts Its not always true that your readers will want to read everything youve written particularly if its a 300 page document. Even if youve done all you can to break it up and make it as readable as possible, the demands of time we all face may mean they can only skim it. Subheads can signal to your reader what linked paragraphs are about and help them to navigate through more easily to the most relevant parts. They also help you to check back over your own route: did you pick the best way? Transition words (so, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, moreover, furthermore etc.) also signpost meaning to your reader, helping them to understand your points and stay with you through your changes of direction as you motor towards your conclusion. Be careful though: endless moreovers and furthermores can be tedious and wont stitch a loose collection of random thoughts into a compelling argument, no matter how many you use. Far better to plan first and work out a logical structure even before you touch your keyboard. Theres more on subheads and structure in our 60-page Write Stuff style guide. To get your complimentary copy, click here and select style guide from the drop-down menu.

Can be compared financial performances in different accounting Thesis

Can be compared financial performances in different accounting standards (Thai GAAP, UK GAAP, IFRS) - Thesis Example technology, the world today can be said to become a global village, where people around the world have become connected and integrated by the click of the computer. Besides, the number of multinational companies, foreign investors and finances from abroad invested in different countries has increased significantly. As a result of these, they face problems arising from different accounting standards. It should have been a good thing if financial performance of companies from different countries could be compared even if accounting information was presented using different accounting standards. In this way, financial information can be said to have met one of the key qualities, or characteristics, which is â€Å"Comparability†. It should be noted here that, the objective of financial statements can be said to be â€Å"to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an enterprise that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions† (paragraph 12).1 To be able to meet the said objectives, this research will use financial statement of three different companies involved in same line of business, but operating in three different countries to establish the financial performance of the three companies financial statements prepared under UK accounting standard (UK Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, UK GAAP), Thai accounting standard (Thai Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Thai GAAP), and USA GAAP and make a comparison with the requirements of the International Financial Reporting standard (IFRS), which are accepted worldwide. The result of using different accounting standards may have an adverse effect on a company’ performance on the international scene in as much as investors are concerned. Some may still be in favour of a unique International accounting standard. Particular country accounting standards are still necessary because of; Shifting the accounting practice, will be consumed

Airport Capacity and Delay Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Airport Capacity and Delay - Term Paper Example U.S.A’s aviation system is the most complex and the largest system in the globe. U.S’s airspace system contains 3364 airports, 14,934 air traffic controllers and 315 air traffic control facilities. U.S airports handle approximately 171,200 aircraft operations per annum, which include landings and takeoffs each day. From FY 2003 through FY 2O06, it has been estimated that there were about 250 million landings and takeoffs and this amounts to about 62.5 million airport operations per annum. . From FY 2003 through FY 2O06, there were about 1,306 reported runway incursions and however, it is a console to note that no fatalities have occurred from these collisions. (FAA 2007).Despite of this mammoth size and intricacy, commercial aviation is considered to be the safest form of transportation in U.S.A. Despite these complexities, U.S.A has witnessed only one commercial accident since 2002. This is mainly due to FAA strategic goals to minimise the rates of general and commerci al aviation related grave accidents, to minimize the peril of probable runway collisions, and to minimize cabin injuries created by turbulence. (GPO, 2006, p238). Though there has been a steady increase in air traffic in US in recent years, congestion-associated issue does not yet seem to be a pervasive issue for the country’s aviation administration. It is to be noted that majority of delay is caused not by congestion but by inclemental weather. According to FAA data, volume –associated delays amounted for less than fifteen percent of all delays in each of the four years just before 9/11 incident and volume related delays have in fact declined over the past decade. A further, weather associated delay is frequently accounted for over seventy -percent of all delays. However, according to US Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration (US DTFA), present delays seem to happen only at some major airports in US. Delay and capacity issues at U.S airports

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT- COURSEWORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT- COURSEWORK - Essay Example The chief success story of Zara lies in strategies undertaken by the company. The corporate strategies had helped the company to grow faster with creative, flexible and innovative business model. The business model has differentiated the company from rest of the companies in the same industry. It has provided Zara with the best competitive advantage, both at international and local level (Berfield and Baigorri, 2013). Zara had regarded its target market as a â€Å"young educated one that likes fashion and is sensitive of fashion† (Wiggin, 2013). The company emphasizes on achieving competitive advantage over their rivals by integrating the manufacturing, production, logistics and customer handling staffs. The main activities, that escalate the speed of manufacturing and the supply chain, is the time taken to deliver Zara’s clothing from the manufacturing site (Hansen, 2012) 1) They regard customers as the centre of every clothing design strategy. Customers are questioned about their preferred clothing designs. The sales team of Zara makes use of the hand-held PDA devices for capturing the daily and even hourly feedback from customers, which enables them to ideate new clothing designs. The device daily transfers design to the Research and Development section, which is known as Cube (Valerio, 2013). The Cube team makes new clothing pieces in just two weeks and those match the exact needs of customers. The business strategy of Zara is clear; if a company has to succeed in the long run in a competitive market, then it has to be customer-centric. The needs and desires of customers are taken into account, so that the company can cater to their needs in the exact manner that they look for (Ferdows, Lewis and Machuca, 2003). 2) The company concentrates on technology for managing and tracking inventory and also, controlling cost. The sales associates send daily reports to the management, regarding

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative and Qualitative Research - Essay Example The two journals selected include: Task Force Report on Adult Education Survey and A Statewide Survey of Special Education Administrators and School Psychologists Regarding Functional Behavioral Assessment. The surveys were carried out by the European Commission and the University of Nebraska respectively. The main aim of the adult education survey is to enhance adult education all over the world due to the competitive job market (Glaude, 2005). The European Commission found out that need to provide information to adults who want to participate in education is essential. The European Commission thought that, in a knowledgeable society, individuals need to update and complement their skills, competencies and knowledge throughout their lives. This is so as to maximize their individual development, as well as to uphold, and improve their position in the labor field. The main aim of the special education survey, on the other hand, was to study the views of special education administrator s, as well as school psychologists, concerning the extent to which educators are aware of Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA). The survey was also to find out if the educators in this program had adequate training (Nelson, 1999). Both the surveys were well organized. The European Commission, in its adult education survey, employed professional personnel to run through various data regarding the work market to see where adults who are not educated stand (Glaude, 2005). The University of Nebraska team, on the other hand, engaged other universities to come up with its findings. These universities where: Arizona State University and University of Phoenix (Nelson, 1999). They also used other personnel from outside the university who were familiar with the Functional Behavioral Assessment program to come up with their findings. The two surveys used diverse sources to collect data. While the adult education survey used job market experts to collect its data, the special education used t eachers, doctors as well as students themselves to collect data. The adult education survey was meant to foster adults into undertaking education so as to fit into the competitive job market today. The special education survey, on the other hand, was to find ways in which students with disabilities could be incorporated into normal learning. They used methods such as interviews and Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) to collect data. The final sampling unit according to the two surveys concentrated on carefully selected individuals (Glaude, 2005). The surveys were based on a probability sample. Their recommendations were to use a stratified sample of individuals, at least along with age and gender, as well as disability. In conclusion, according to the adult survey, it was identified that learning is one of the top determining factors in a person’s life. Hence, adult education is a central tool of achieving lifelong goals. The survey, therefore, concluded that each a dult who does not have adequate education should undertake the course (Glaude, 2005). The special education survey, on the other hand, concluded that each student with a disability should receive exceptional care at his or her studies. They need to have enhanced treatment, and attention so that they could study just like other students (Nelson, 1999). Question 2 Correlational research is research that studies the covariation of two or more variables (Research Methods,

Labor Economics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Labor Economics - Term Paper Example This is because the poor did not have enough time to invest as the rich people in the American populations. It affected women and black Americans the most because they were poor before the economy of America grew (Schiller, 2004). The inequality happened from a long time ago because of the change in the labor market. This is because the people that worked as skilled laborers in the early 1970 received a substantial pay. This was in contrast to money received by the unskilled laborers. The income inequality increased over the years, and this is what made the skilled laborers rich and the unskilled poor. The international trade is to blame for the increase in the outcome imbalance (Blinder, 2011). This is because the trade led to the increased cost of products, which reduced the profits of the companies. This led the companies to lay off some of its employees and many unskilled laborers lost their jobs. Technology also led to the imbalance because with the use of better machines unskilled laborers had no work to do in a company. Therefore, they lost their jobs as the machines replaced what they did in the company. People came to the realization that they had to receive a decent education to secure a reasonable job. This made the companies get many skilled workers and the gap increased between income of the skilled laborers and the unskilled laborers. However, the growth of income inequality has produced beneficial results more than the bad results. This is because the gap that developed amid the rich and the poor motivated people to work harder. When the economy of America grew significantly, the rich people received a larger salary, and this is especially those who had high education qualification. The poor people received less pay, and they constituted the people that had low education qualification (Blinder, 2011). This then made those who had less qualification in education to work harder in their places of work.

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative and Qualitative Research - Essay Example The two journals selected include: Task Force Report on Adult Education Survey and A Statewide Survey of Special Education Administrators and School Psychologists Regarding Functional Behavioral Assessment. The surveys were carried out by the European Commission and the University of Nebraska respectively. The main aim of the adult education survey is to enhance adult education all over the world due to the competitive job market (Glaude, 2005). The European Commission found out that need to provide information to adults who want to participate in education is essential. The European Commission thought that, in a knowledgeable society, individuals need to update and complement their skills, competencies and knowledge throughout their lives. This is so as to maximize their individual development, as well as to uphold, and improve their position in the labor field. The main aim of the special education survey, on the other hand, was to study the views of special education administrator s, as well as school psychologists, concerning the extent to which educators are aware of Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA). The survey was also to find out if the educators in this program had adequate training (Nelson, 1999). Both the surveys were well organized. The European Commission, in its adult education survey, employed professional personnel to run through various data regarding the work market to see where adults who are not educated stand (Glaude, 2005). The University of Nebraska team, on the other hand, engaged other universities to come up with its findings. These universities where: Arizona State University and University of Phoenix (Nelson, 1999). They also used other personnel from outside the university who were familiar with the Functional Behavioral Assessment program to come up with their findings. The two surveys used diverse sources to collect data. While the adult education survey used job market experts to collect its data, the special education used t eachers, doctors as well as students themselves to collect data. The adult education survey was meant to foster adults into undertaking education so as to fit into the competitive job market today. The special education survey, on the other hand, was to find ways in which students with disabilities could be incorporated into normal learning. They used methods such as interviews and Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) to collect data. The final sampling unit according to the two surveys concentrated on carefully selected individuals (Glaude, 2005). The surveys were based on a probability sample. Their recommendations were to use a stratified sample of individuals, at least along with age and gender, as well as disability. In conclusion, according to the adult survey, it was identified that learning is one of the top determining factors in a person’s life. Hence, adult education is a central tool of achieving lifelong goals. The survey, therefore, concluded that each a dult who does not have adequate education should undertake the course (Glaude, 2005). The special education survey, on the other hand, concluded that each student with a disability should receive exceptional care at his or her studies. They need to have enhanced treatment, and attention so that they could study just like other students (Nelson, 1999). Question 2 Correlational research is research that studies the covariation of two or more variables (Research Methods,

Nursing - Medication Errors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing - Medication Errors - Research Paper Example To compress in a nut shell, it can be described as the wrong medication to the patients. This is where the role of nurses comes under scrutiny, as nurses could act as a major contributing factor for the occurrence of medication errors. Generally diagnoses of the diseases are carried out by the physicians with the aid of other medical personnel, including lab technicians. Monitoring the status of the patients and providing them with the right medicine as prescribed by the physicians at the right time frames is the basic and the essential task of the nurses. Moreover the medication errors are nurse-oriented, as they attend to each and every need of the patients, and are in direct contact with the patients, everyday. Hence they need to have accurate details about the medication given as well as the timings of drug delivery and perfect monitoring of the patients. When they fail to perform their duties in relation to drug delivery, it could end up in medication errors. Some of the major m edication errors that will be focused in this paper include the following, Over dosage of the medicine, or the route of administration Failure to prescribe or administer the exact drug to the patients Lack of observation – failure to observe the correct time of administration, this may be due to the difficulties in understanding the prescription and confusion about the different drugs which has similar names. These are some of the errors which can cause lethal effects to the patients such as drastic physical complications affecting various parts of the body, and in extreme cases coma or even death in some patients. Recent studies reveal that â€Å"Ten to 18 percent of all reported hospital injuries have been attributed to medication errors.† (Mayo and Duncan, 2004). â€Å"Of the approximately 44,000 –98,000 patient deaths reported each year because of medical errors, 7,000 were attributed to medication† errors. (Stratton et al., 2004). These statistical d ata would back up the fact of the lethal effects caused by medication errors caused by the nurses. Hence, this paper will discuss the issues related to the medication errors, which are issues related to nursing, direct and indirect impacts on the health care policy, statistical data to support the issue and other implications for future nursing practices. Medication errors related to nursing A patient who comes to a healthcare facility can be treated optimally only if proper diagnosis is made, and importantly correct drug therapy is prescribed and carried out. However, â€Å"drug therapy cannot be successful unless, and until, both the prescribing and medication delivery processes are conducted correctly.† (Flynn et al., 2002). During this prescribing and delivery process, there are many chances of error creeping in, with all the healthcare personnel including physicians, technicians, nurses, etc., liable for it. They could do some minor or even major error, and that could co ntribute to major problems for the patient, themselves and to the healthcare facility. However, the issue with these medication errors is that many errors go undocumented and unreported. This perspective was validated by Flynn et al. (2002), who stated â€Å"errors resulting in serious harm are reported because they are easy to identify and hard to conceal, yet they represent the "tip of the iceberg",† with many errors intentionally or unintentionally concealed by various players. Among the various players or healthcare person

Porters 5 Forces Analysis Essay Example for Free

Porters 5 Forces Analysis Essay Threat of New Entrants. The average person cant come along and start up a bank, but there are services, such as internet bill payment, on which entrepreneurs can capitalize. Banks are fearful of being squeezed out of the payments business, because it is a good source of fee-based revenue. Another trend that poses a threat is companies offering other financial services. What would it take for an insurance company to start offering mortgage and loan services? Not much. Also, when analyzing a regional bank, remember that the possibility of a mega bank entering into the market poses a real threat. Power of Suppliers. The suppliers of capital might not pose a big threat, but the threat of suppliers luring away human capital does. If a talented individual is working in a smaller regional bank, there is the chance that person will be enticed away by bigger banks, investment firms, etc. Power of Buyers. The individual doesnt pose much of a threat to the banking industry, but one major factor affecting the power of buyers is relatively high switching costs. If a person has a mortgage, car loan, credit card, checking account and mutual funds with one particular bank, it can be extremely tough for that person to switch to another bank. In an attempt to lure in customers, banks try to lower the price of switching, but many people would still rather stick with their current bank. On the other hand, large corporate clients have banks wrapped around their little fingers. Financial institutions by offering better exchange rates, more services, and exposure to foreign capital markets work extremely hard to get high-margin corporate clients. Availability of Substitutes. As you can probably imagine, there are plenty of substitutes in the banking industry. Banks offer a suite of services over and above taking deposits and lending money, but whether it is insurance, mutual funds or fixed income securities, chances are there is a non-banking financial services company that can offer similar services. On the lending side of the business, banks are seeing competition rise from unconventional companies. Sony (NYSE: SNE), General Motors (NYSE:GM) and Microsoft (Nasdaq:MSFT) all offer preferred financing to customers who buy big ticket items. If car companies are offering 0% financing, why would anyone want to get a car loan from the bank and pay 5-10% interest? Competitive Rivalry. The banking industry is highly competitive. The financial services industry has been around for hundreds of years, and just about everyone who needs banking services already has them. Because of this, banks must attempt to lure clients away from competitor banks. They do this by offering lower financing, preferred rates and investment services. The banking sector is in a race to see who can offer both the best and fastest services, but this also causes banks to experience a lower ROA. They then have an incentive to take on high-risk projects. In the long run, were likely to see more consolidation in the banking industry. Larger banks would prefer to take over or merge with another bank rather than spend the money to market and advertise to people.

Evolution Of The Global Automobile Industry Marketing Essay

Evolution Of The Global Automobile Industry Marketing Essay By the start of 20th century, the demand for cars started growing but the cars were still expensive, because these cars were manufactured and assembled with hands. Henry Ford introduced the legendary Ford Model T which was the beginning of an era, where even middle class could own a car. For the first time, Fords Model T introduced the concept of Assembly line in the automobile sector. The concept of mass production-high volume low variety- was brought into focus and this was made immortal by the words said by Henry Ford in his Autobiography where he says, Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black. The era after the First World War was known as the vintage era (1919-1930). The First World War was a milestone, as closed body cars was put into production in the 1920s and the technology of automatic transmission was first conceptualised in this era. During the great depression in 1930s the number of automobile manufacturers decreased drastically and consolidation in the industry took place. The period 1930-45 was a slack period, except for demand from military forces for personnel transport. After the World War II, large scale rehabilatation of war ravaged economies took place and this led to increased industrial activity and increased incomes. The development of automotive sector saw different trends in different countries across the world. America was known for manufacturing power ridden luxurious cars; Europe was known for manufacturing compact cars. This was also a period when growing level of world trade made competition from foreign manufacturers a new reality with which the automobile firms had to deal with. The modern era of automobiles (1980-2010) is the era which saw the maximum action in the form of revolutionary designs, enhanced performance and increased fuel efficiency. The oil shocks in 1973, 1980 and 1990s ensured that smaller and more fuel efficient cars came to stay even in the American market, which was known for its big cars and SUVs. With growing concern around the world about the consequences of global warming, automobiles running on alternative fuels became a reality. The worldwide commercial success of vehicles running on cleaner technologies like Toyota Prius demonstrated the coming of age of clean fuel cars. VINAY The Global Auto Industry Today Global automobile hubs are located in various parts of Europe, America and Asia. Practically every major country has one or more auto hubs. The maximum number of automobile hubs is in Europe with United Kingdom having 258 hubs, followed by Romania with 197 and Finland with 83 hubs. United States of America has 47 auto hubs and Detroit in the most famous one. Among Asian countries both India and china have one hub each. Some of the major players in the market and the number of vehicles sold by them in the year 2009 Company No. of vehicles sold Toyota 7,234,439 G.M. 6,459,053 Volkswagen 6,067,208 Ford 4,685,394 Hyundai 4,645,776 Recession and Auto Industry The global automobile industry was hit hard by the economic crisis of 2008-09 and the effects are still being felt on the industry and the production. In December 2008 U.S. automobile sales dropped by 37% compared to earlier year. The impact was felt on various companies across the world but major among them were the top auto companies of the United States namely for Chrysler, General Motors and Ford which were so hit hard that they applied to be bailed out by the United States. The auto industry annually contributes 3.6% i.e. 500 billion dollars to U.S.As total GDP. This 30% decline in auto sales would mean a direct 1% decrease in the output of the country. The automobile industry has a total employment of 8.5 lakhs work force into manufacturing, and 18 lakhs workers in auto dealerships in USA. In December 2008, the auto industry presented an appeal before the government for 34 billion dollars bailout package to avoid getting bankrupt. In January 2009, the government gave out $24.9 billion from the $700 billion of total bailout fund for the Big 3 auto companies. Combating Recession Some of the measures taken by various auto companies and the government which were necessary for the survival were that the government in china reduced its automotive taxes to spur flagging sales which actually happened. Seeing the falling production numbers, SBI reduced its interest rates on auto loans in February 2009.In the first few months of 2009, Tata Motors conducted a widespread marketing campaign announcing the debut of the Tata Nano. Nano was named the peoples car, and the Tata Motors hoped that the low cost would be an advantage and motive behind customers to buy the vehicle in spite of the credit crisis. Unlike others, the South Korean automakers saw it as an opportunity. The continued growth and success of korean companies is because of the fuel-efficient, well-equipped and affordable cars having warranties and features. This attracted consumers from across the globe and that to at such a time when there was severe economic recession, oil prices were raising at a tremend ous rate and environment was an issue of concern for all and sundry. Thus South Korean auto manufacturers gave a strong competition to luxury vehicles and SUVs which were expensive and were from Japan, US and German auto manufacturers. In Europe sales had decreased drastically and views were expressed to support the automotive industry financially, particularly in France, Germany and Italy. Alternate auto fuels Today seeing the changes happening in the world at large in terms of rising oil and gas prices there is a growing trend among people to go for cars which are small and compact and at the same time have no compromise with the fuel efficiency and performance. Due to these rising concerns and awareness among the people with regards to global warming and depletion of petro fuels, auto companies world over are trying to make use of alternate fuels like Natural gas, Bio diesel and Electric cars which are coming up to cater to the needs of the modern customer. These alternate fuels are environmentally friendly and also very efficient and economical than the petroleum based fuels. ARJUN Evolution of Indian Automobile Industry During the 1940s and 1950s, the industry was characterised by socialist ideology. The domestic auto industry was heavily protected and foreign firms were barred from entry. The Indian auto companies kick-started their businesses by importing know-how from foreign firms. Hindustan Motors and Tata Engineering were in the business of manufacture and sale of power excavators, dumpers, bulldozers, and scrapers. The only passenger cars manufactured were the Ambassador by Hindustan Motors and Premier Padmini by Premier Automobiles Ltd. Heavy Commercial Vehicles were manufactured by Tata Engineering and Ashok Leyland. The Leyland Comet bus was being used by most of the state transport corporations. During the mid 1960s, the green revolution movement improved the agriculture in India. The International Tractor Company of India, a joint venture between Mahindra Mahindra and the International Harvester Company, USA; was established in 1963, during the green revolution. The economy was protected, and hence there was no innovation. The companies had limited licenses to produce goods. For instance, in the 1970s, to buy a Bajaj scooter; a customer had to wait for 12 years. It was during the 1980s, the industry was warming up to delicensing in the auto sector. These policies were instrumental in establishing companies like Swaraj Mazda, a joint venture between Punjab Tractor Ltd., Mazda Motor Corporation, Japan Sumitomo Corporation, Japan. Delicensing removed the constraints on output, inputs, technology, and location. This helped plants to leverage on economies of scale, optimal input combinations, and newer technologies. Domestic consumption increased, as a result of which the plants were provided with the necessary stimuli to innovate, increase productivity and improve quality. State intervention need not always lead to poor results. Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL) had extensive support of the bureaucrats. The Government of India helped MUL in matters like import clearances, land purchases and reduction of excise tariffs. Bureaucratic support notwithstanding, MUL had major advantages like economies of scale, first mover advantage, affordability, financin g schemes and service networks. Since during the 1970s and 1980s, there was high degree of protection and regulation, the policies of the 1990s like liberalisation led to a boom in the auto industry. Foreign multinationals produced technologically superior goods with guaranteed quality. The domestic market became increasingly competitive. Hyundai has emerged as the second most important car manufacturer after Maruti Udyog Ltd. (MUL) (SIAM, 2008). Other major players like Ford, General Motors, Toyota, etc have also entered the Indian Market. Source: http://www.india-reports.com/articles/Auto-Industry-India-Demand-Growth.aspx The graph shows a sharp increase in sales of automobiles since 1990s till 2000. The industry responded to the sharp increase in demand through over capacity, enhanced RD facilities, advanced technology and logistics. Auto Hubs in India India is said to have three three main hubs of automobile production. Chennai India was recognized by various companies as a potential low cost base of manufacturing. One of the first companies set shop in India was Hyundai in 1996. It scouted for various sites across India and zeroed in on Chennai. Today it produces 6,00,000 cars every year. There are many other companies in the automobile sector that are present in and around Chennai. Some prominent companies are: Ashok Leyland Caparo group Ford BMW Daimler Mitsubishi Hindustan motors Nissan Renault Royal Enfield The factors that made it possible for Chennai to become an automobile hub are stated below-: Readily available infrastructure Most of the plants are located in the place called Sri Perumbudur. This place has excellent connectivity, with plenty of land availability. One of the most important reasons in favor of Chennai is the presence of a port. This serves the purpose of exporting cars and vehicles to foreign markets without bottlenecks affecting the process. During 2008-09 alone Chennai port shipped around 146000 cars and this figure is estimated to grow at an exponential rate in subsequent years. As an alternative even Ennore port is being developed to cater to the growing demand. Availability of proper banking facilities also contributed to Chennai being seen as an auto hub. Availability of technical manpower Southern part of the country in general and Chennai in particular has an abundance of technical labor. On being asked whether he was happy and satisfied with Chennai, the Ford India managing director, Michael Boneham, said, Yes, we are satisfied. You have a very stable government and legislative environment. There is a transparent industrial policy no matter which political party is in power. You have governments very supportive of the industry. The second thing is the availability of labour. Educated reliable labour is the strength of Chennai. Overall, we are very happy with our experience in Tamil Nadu. The above words testify the importance of skilled labor in thrusting Chennai to limelight. In fact government is trying to reorient the educational institutions in and around Chennai to tailor make their courses to suit the needs of automobile industry. Investment friendly investment industrial policy The government of Tamil Nadu has been very forthcoming in providing all the institutional support necessary in the form of tax breaks and land at highly concessional rates. The most recent concession by the government has been to provide 300 acres of land to construct an automobile testing track, for the common benefit of all automobile companies in the vicinity, which is known National Automotive Testing Research and Development Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) at Oragadam. . Power projects are being implemented on a fast track basis to cater to the growing energy needs from this sector. Abundance of suppliers Chennai had some automobile industries even before the present automobile boom. This ensured that a wide range of ancillary units for manufacturing auto components flourished alongside the main industry. Right from tyre manufacturing companies like MRF and Srichakra tyres to the new engine production plant by Hyundai. Chennai accounts for 35% of Indias auto ancillary industry production. Such reliable supplies ensured that logistics for automobile companies becomes easy. PUNE Pune was once known to be a pensioners paradise and a calm and quite city. Today it is one of the most important educational, auto and software hubs in the country. The city saw one of the first plants being set up by Premiere Motors the makers of the once famous Premiere Padmini set up a plant in 1960s. Today the city boasts of many automobile. Some of them being as follows-: Tata Motors Baja two wheelers Force Motors Mahindra two wheelers (formerly kinetic) Mercedes Benz General Motors MahindraMahindra FIAT Volkswagen There are quite a few reasons for the emergence of Pune as an alternative hub for automobile industry. These are very much the same reasons as that for Chennai like a) Proximity to urban prosperous markets like Aurangabad, Nashik, Mumbai and availability of port in Mumbai. b) Availability of manpower. c) Favorable investment climate. d) Reliable auto ancillary supplies Pune has a wide range of   Tier-1 Tier-2 and infrastructure suppliers. Prominent Industry Players includes Bharat Forge which is one of the top forging companies in the world. Their Pune facility includes their HQ, Design Center and Manufacturing Facility.  Another is Sandvik, which is a world leader in cutting tools. Their Pune facility has been around for nearly 50 years. e) Research Institutes, Suppliers Infrastructure Players: There are certain research facilities that facilitate the automobile companies to conduct RD on a common platform and lower their costs. ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India)  Ã‚   is a premier research and certification institution for the automotive industry in India. PARI Robotics Automation is one of the leading industrial automation companies and have setup factory automation systems at many global manufacturing facilities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Software and IT are increasingly playing an important role  cars and automotive manufacturing. Many leading global CAD/CAM/CAE Software Leaders are based in Pune. These include:  Siemens (formerly UGS), PTC, Ansys. Important IT Outsourcing Players in this space in Pune include Geometric and KPIT Cummins. GURGAON Gurgaon as an automobile hub is almost entirely based on Maruti Suzuki and Hero Honda. But it forms an important part of Indian auto hub because Maruti Suzuki has a market share of around 48% in the countrys passenger car market and annually it produces around 1 million vehicles in its plants in Gurgaon and Manesar. The Gurgaon- Manesar stretch accounts for around 43% of the annual passenger vehicle production of 2.3 million in the country. Initially gurgaon was selected as a site in 1981 for setting up the Maruti-Suzuki plant due to its proximity to New Delhi-the political capital of India. Slowly ancillary industries serving Maruti developed over a given period of time. Due to unprecedented economic growth gurgaon developed into a satellite town of Delhi and infrastructure in the gurgaon-manesar stretch developed phenomenally. Maruti Suzuki expanded its plant from time to time to meet the growing demand. The established ancillary industry and readymade infrastructure available acted as a draw for another major company, Hero Honda. In 1984 Hero group tied up with Honda motors of Japan to launch the Hero Honda group for manufacturing two wheelers in the country. Today Hero Honda group produces around 3.9 million bikes from its three plants and the two plants around Gurgaon alone are estimated to produce 3 million bikes an year. Hence Gurgaon today houses the largest two wheeler manufacturer and the largest passenger car manufacturer in the country. THE INDIAN AUTO INDUSTRY TODAY This years Delhi Auto Expo 2010 exhibition showed strength of Indias automobile Industry, where the Indian company Tata motors presented products ranging from worlds cheapest car Nano to the expensive luxurious Jaguar XJ model. Global luxurious car players like Toyota, Honda, and Volkswagen announced to launch small cars especially for Indian market. Globally auto companies are facing a number of problems in the form of rising labour costs, saturation in developed markets etc. With so many problems facing the industry they started looking towards the developing nations as a possible base for manufacturing. India and china emerged as a natural choice for these companies with their huge and cheap workforce, investment friendly policies and huge domestic markets. India more so, due to the solid engineering and technical base that was institutionalized since the 1950s in line with Jawaharlal Nehrus policy of scientific temperament. Today India has emerged as a favoured destination for ma nufacturing small cars both the export market and for domestic market with 4.12 lakh small cars being exported from India in 2009-2010. Even the heavy commercial vehicles sector in India has grown by leaps and bounds which till 2000 was almost a duopolistic market with only TATA and ASHOK LEYLAND being the two players. But with the economic activity in India in full swing foreign manufacturers like Kamaz, Volvo and Mercedes Benz have entered the country to set up a manufacturing base. Two wheelers have been the mainstay middle class transport and is the largest automobile segment by volumes in the country. Indian two wheeler market is dominated by domestic players and foreign players except Honda have not been able to penetrate the market. Now there are various reasons why these Auto giants are concentrating on India in recent years. 1) Huge untapped domestic market Less than 1 percent of the population of India currently owns automobiles, which is a much smaller proportion as compared to the rest of the South-east Asia region. Also the large size of the middle class with increasing purchasing power and the youthful population as in India the highest proportion of population is below 35, there are huge opportunities to tap the rising demand in domestic market. 2) quality manpower at low cost Another advantage is availability of talent and skills at low cost. The concept of using India as an export hub is underpinned by its low labour and engineering costs. Indian engineers had considerable skills, and could make improvements quickly and cheaply. Bajaj Auto once dependant on Japanese giant Kawasaki but soon found that its own RD produced far better bikes for Indian conditions. Suzuki hired team of 25 engineers from India to Japan to develop new model Swift, which was big success in Indian markets. Tata Motors created the Nano, the worlds cheapest car, making the world sit up. Nissan-Renault in collaboration with Bajaj Auto are developing ultra cheap car. All above and many more examples proved the capability of and quality of skilled manpower in India . 3)Relatively Secure Market For Global Auto Majors Honda and Suzuki were the first foreign auto players to have venture with Indian companies Hero and Maruti in 2 wheeler and 4 wheeler segment respectively. The ventures were huge success and proved beneficial for both the companies. Hero Honda emerged as worlds largest manufacturer of two wheelers since 2001. Maruti-Suzuki is the only Indian company to achieve sales target of 1 million cars in single year 2009-10. During US recession time when the global auto sales was dwindling, the growing Indian domestic market sales helped both companies Honda and Suzuki to sustain and remain profitable. At that time, the world recognised the potential of Indian automobile market. 4) Need for collaboration with local partners The Indian car market is highly price sensitive. This presents difficulties in pricing and positioning of product. The market leader, Maruti Suzuki has largely used its pricing power to maintain its dominance in the A and B segments where it prices most of its products lower than its competitors. This forced global Auto majors to adopt different strategies for Indian market. Many of the global companies started collaborating with already established Indian auto companies to understand the need of local customer better. For e.g.: Toyota-Kirloskar collaboration. 5)Rising income levels Private and public sector salaries have risen at healthy chip during the last few years. The sixth pay commissions and fiscal stimulus have boosted overall wages. This helped to keep sales growing despite of recession and rising Inflation rate. Commercial vehicles showed highest growth of around 38% in current year 2009-10 over the previous year. While overall sales grown at around 26%. 6)Export base to emerging markets India is emerging as global manufacturing hub for small cars. Indias vast domestic market and the large pool of technically skilled manpower are the magnetism for the foreign Auto investors. The country is likely to export its small cars to emerging markets like Brazil, Argentina, Europe, Malaysia, and South Africa. These nations are in fact fast emerging as huge small car markets. Hyundai Motors, in 2008, exported 240,000 cars made in India and expecting 50 per cent of its 600,000 unit production in 2010 to be exported. The company currently exports to 95 global markets. Maruti is targeting at the SAARC region and West Asia as newer markets and is aiming at 30 per cent exports of their production. Another player, Nissan, which has a collaboration with Maruti for, exported 65,000 units of A-Star to Europe in 2008-09. India has overtaken China as a car exporter in year 2009, exporting 201,138 cars in January-July 2009 against Chinas 164,800. Indian exports in this period went up 18%, while Chinas fell by 60%. Of other big Asian exporters, Koreas exports have fallen 31% and Thailands 43%. In a terrible global recession, India is the only country with zooming exports. Domestic Market Share: Automobile sector is one of fastest emerging sector in India. The Indian automobile industry today boasts of being the second largest two wheelers manufacturers in the world, second largest tractor manufacturer in the world, fifth largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world and fourth largest Car market in Asia. In India, volume wise the domestic automobile market is leading by 2 wheeler segment which comprises almost 76% of total sales. Figure :As per Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers Impact of Automobile Industry on Indian Economy The industry currently contributes about 7 per cent in Indias Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 5 per cent in Indias industrial production.It is targeted to grow fivefold by 2016 and account for over 10% of Indias GDP.After Government announced 100% FDI into automobile sector in 2002, lot of investments offered by foreign automaker companies. Even as the auto industry in developed countries faced serious financial problems bailed out by the government, the Indian automobile sector is consistently attracting attention global investors. Indian Auto sector of showed 70 per cent growth in foreign investment. The FDI inflows have increased from USD 675 million to 1,152 million in FY 09 over FY 08. Atleast five million jobs will be created by 2015. TAMSE PRESENT CHALLENGES Infrastructure After liberalisation, many foreign players entered into Indian market. At the same time, Indian assemblers have augmented their production capacity. But the main road block for them was poor road infrastructure. The cars are of superior quality and more fuel efficient. Indian consumers have the purchasing power but are not willing to buy the cars owing to narrow roads, lack of connectivity between cities, poor road conditions. Class Length in KM National Highways/Expressways 66,754 State Highways 128,000 Major district roads 470,000 Rural other roads 2,650,000 Total (approx) 3,314,754 India, with approximately 3 million kilometres of roadways, has the third largest road network. But this network is under huge pressure and needs modernisation. Lane capacity is abysmally low and only 16% of roads are four lanes and above. 40% of villages lack access to all-weather roads. Additionally, Indian ports would need significant upgrades to handle high volumes of vehicles. Human Resources Reducing number of Mechanical engineers: The new wave of IT, Electronics and communication has shifted the preference of students from core Mechanical engineering. Many of the Indian institutes have closed down ICE (Internal combustion Engineering) departments and reduced the intake of Mechanical Engineering seats. Shortage of semi skilled workers: There is also an urgent need to improve the quality of skilled and semi skilled manpower working in the auto industry. To do this, the existing vocational educational institutions have to be upgraded and more number of such institutes should be started. Today, most of our vocational educational institutes have poorly trained, unmotivated and uninspiring teaching faculty, and outdated equipment, machines, syllabus and governance system. Shortage of human resources in auto design: Creative people do not get the proper training in automobile components design, which is the main reason why India has to import designs. We have very few design institutes and their creative output is minimal for the Indian Automobile Industry. Rising oil price G:dollar barrel.png International price of crude oil is rising sharply. This can be a severe blow to the growing economy of India. Also the rise in oil prices will impact the automobile industry. But at the same time, it will lead to the development of alternative technologies. Indian companies should spend significant amount on RD of alternative fuels to remain in the competition. Weaknesses of the various players in the Indian automotive industry They are classified in four different categories: (1) Indian Assemblers, (2) Multinational Assemblers (3) Indian Component Makers, and (4) Multi-national Component Makers. Indian Assemblers: lack of product design capability (except TELCO) Multinational Assemblers: Lack of experience with the Indian market, industry, and government. Small component supplier base high import tariffs Indian Component Makers: Small Size, Fragmentation Lack of know-how in certain areas. Multi-national Component Makers Import tariffs, currency exchange rate fluctuations Inexperience with Indian workforce JYO Future of the Indian Automobile Industry Key research highlights projected till 2015 Market Research has shown that passenger car production in India is projected to reach 3 million units by 2015, with a CAGR of around 10%. The export of passenger cars is estimated to rise more than the domestic sales. Passenger cars and 2 wheeler segments are estimated to grow at between 10-12%. Rural Market of two-wheelers is expected to exceed 10 Million units. Auto component exports are likely to reach double digit figures. Indian Auto sector is expected to become the worlds third largest automobile market by 2030, behind only China and the US. To compete at a global level, the factors that need to be improved are Designing, engineering and technical skills Quality systems Adaptability to change in technology Risks that auto manufacturers may face in future A global slowdown can hamper the prospects of the industry. Due to the global meltdown as well as the slowdown of the Indian economy, the demand for automobiles has seen a slump. Although it is now picking up. This is because of the cyclical nature of automobiles, which rises and falls with the condition of the economy. Volatility in the prices of metal and other raw material such as plastics and vinyl is a cause for concern. Costs of Natural rubber may continue to rise by 25%, causing tyre manufacturers to hike their rates, which are affecting the industrys cost competitiveness. Competition from other developing economies may strain margins of Indian manufacturers. As the Rupee appreciates, exports could become costly. Future possibilities in the sector: Exports: Increasing the share of exports in the sources of revenue- Korea, South Africa, Thailand and Latin America i.e. basically expanding into varied regions will generate more revenue for the sector Luxury cars: They usually cost above Rs. 20 Lakh and are also a big segment in India. The big three of Luxury cars in India are major players are BMW Mercedes and Audi. Rolls Royce and Volkswagen are expected to make their way into Indian markets. Relaxation of Import Tariffs will help reduce prices of luxury cars and in turn help its growth. Electric cars: In the past decade, there has been increasing concern towards the environment. This includes the erosion of non renewable resources of energy such as petroleum. The pioneer of the electric car in India is the Reva (a JV of Maini Group India and AEV California) in 1994. Companies must strive to shift to environmentally friendly vehicles. For this advanced technical skill is required. By the end of 2010, the electric version of GMs Spark is expected to be launched. Smaller cars with improved fuel efficiency: Rising prices of oil as well of environmental concerns will push manufacturers to better fuel efficiency of their vehicles. Small sized cars are more fuel efficient as well as better suited to Indian roads. Alternative fuels: Vehicles need to be manufactured with the ability to run on fuels such as Ethanol, Propane or bio-diesel. Technical research must be made extensive on these. However, there are still some governmental restrictions on using ethanol as vehicle fuel. There is scope to use such fuels if and when government policies are relaxed. Hybrid technology: A combination of IC engines as well as electric motors can be used to make hybrid vehicles. However, due to the high premium of 50-60% this may be preferred only by car owners and not commercial vehicle owners. The table below shows where manufacturers must place themselves in order to be players in the global markets. Indian Manufacturers must move towards becoming Contenders or Extenders. increase in sales in rural

Language, Identity and Social Acceptance in Hal Borland’s Novel, When the Legends Die :: When Legends Die

Language as the Key to Identity and Social Acceptance in Hal Borland’s Novel, When the Legends Die In the world today, many people are identified by the way they look or act; they are also accepted into society based on this criteria. However, in literature, one cannot be identified or judged on these aspects, these observations must be created solely from the way the character speaks. This shows that James Baldwin was correct in his 1979 essay when he stated that language is a key to identity and social acceptance. This observation can be seen in the novel When the Legends Die by Hal Borland. When the Legends Die is a novel about a boy, Thomas, growing into a man. There are a variety of characters in this novel and without their different styles of speaking, the reader would not be able to tell them apart. One example of identifying a character by what they say is a man named Blue Elk. Blue Elk was an extremely greedy Ute Indian. He would do anything, including sending other Native Americans to live on reservations, where they were miserable, to make easy money. So, in When the Legends Die when a reader sees a character talking about how much money he made, or who he has conned lately he or she knows that the character is Blue Elk. Another example of recognizing a character by their speaking style is a man named Meo. Meo was a bronco rider when he was younger and now he helps in training Thomas to become a champion rider. Meo also grows beans and loves making chili. He is always talking about the old days before his injury that ended his riding career, and how to make the â€Å"perfect† chili. So, once again, it is easy for the reader to recognize who is speaking by what he or she is talking about. Social acceptance is also a large point made in the novel. Thomas grew up as a Ute Indian and eventually became a bronco rider in rodeos. It is obvious that social acceptance is dependent on language because Thomas much change everything about himself to be accepted by the white riders. He was obligated to speak differently and he could not express his feelings in the way he was brought up. Thomas could not express himself freely because he had grown up singing traditional Ute hymns with his mother to show their feeling, and he was not allowed to do that anymore.

A Migrant’s Diary

Dear Diary, Hello, my name is Lucas and I am a migrant. I am the oldest of eight children and we live on a small farm in the Hills of Kenya. Tomorrow I will have to leave my Family to move to the capital city Nairobi. Here I work on our small patch of land with my Mother and Father, the only problem is that everything is getting worse. There are so many in my Family that we haven't got enough food to feed everyone. That is why I must go. I will try to find work to earn some money and then send it too my Family to help them. We rely on the Weather to be able to grow crops but this is normally not very successful. The weather here is very bad for our crops because mostly there are either Droughts or Floods. The condition of the soil is very poor and our crops die very quickly. Because we live on high land it is hard to grow crops because of all the slopes. I am very excited to go because I will hopefully be able to help my Family but also a bit worried because maybe I will not even find a Job. I have heard that Nairobi has quite a lot of jobs on offer so I hope I will find one. Very many people live out here in the Countryside but not very many people live in the city. More and more Migrants like me are moving to the City. I hope the People in Nairobi will be nice to me and not make me feel down. I do not like to leave my Family but I have to, so that they will be able to survive. I must go now to get ready for Tomorrows leave. Goodbye Lucas Dear Diary, I have just arrived in Nairobi and I am very impressed at what it looks like. The Journey here was very long, Tiring and bumpy and I am glad I have got some fresh air to breathe now. I am now waiting for my cousin to meet me here. Most buildings here are very small and are made of Iron. It looks quite clean here but there are a lot of piles of rubbish outside the Houses. The people here wear much better quality clothes and they look a lot richer than I do. The city is built on very low Land and so it is very easy to build houses. There are some higher buildings but I cannot see any Skyscrapers of any kind. There is a lot more Traffic here than were I used to live. The people here look much more busy and I cannot see any Farms. I think they work in Offices, Hospitals, Schools and shops. I have a lot of hope that I will get a Job even if it is only small but I need to save my Family. The City looks much bigger than the Countryside. There seem to be a lot of People crowded in one little space. I hope that my cousin will come soon because I am starting too feel very nervous. Oh, there she comes, I will write to you later. Goodbye. Lucas Dear Diary, I am now in my cousin's house and I am not very pleased. I thought that I would live in a really nice house, because my uncle told me that she was doing really well but it doesn't seem like it. The House is very clean but very small. She calls it a shanty house and there is lots of rubbish outside and a river of sewage is running outside. There is no Electricity or clean Water and I can't believe anybody could live like this. The Walls are made from mud and the Roof from Iron. It is very hot in the day and very cold at night. There are a lot more Jobs here, which is what I was looking for, but the ground here is not ideal for farming either. I have written a letter to my Family describing what it is like and that I am searching for a Job. Every day I go out and look for a Job, but it is very hard as I am a Migrant. The Offices, Schools, Hospitals and Shops are a lot cleaner than the Shanty Houses. Well I will write more Later. Goodbye. Lucas Dear Diary, I have now been looking for a Job for 4 weeks and I became very desperate. My Family have been asking what's going on and I told them that I couldn't find anything, but my cousin was helping me. It is very hard to find a Job because all I know about is farming and there are no Farms in the City. But yesterday a man came up to me and asked if I would like to work for his cleaning Company. I was so pleased that I said yes without Thinking First. I am so happy that I have found a Jog. I only get paid very poorly but it is still better than working on the Farm. I will get my first amount of money next week and that Money will go straight to My Family. I have already sent them a Letter. I work as a cleaner on the streets of Kibera and have to pick up the Rubbish that is left in front of all the Houses. It is not very nice to do but I need to bring some money to the Family. I hope that they will be Pleased with the Amount I send. Being a Cleaner is very hard work and I work 11 Hours a day. All the rubbish outside the Houses makes me feel a bit sick but apart from that I'm O.K. I will write more later. Goodbye. Lucas Dear Diary, I have know been working for 3 Month and have been sending Money to my Family every Week. My sister said that she is very impressed and wants to come to work here as well. I wrote a Letter to her that said something like this. Dear Sister, I am very pleased to hear that you would like to come and live with me and help me. I must tell you though that the City isn't as great as you think. The shanty houses are very clean inside but very Dirty outside. As I have previously told you I am a Cleaner and I have to pick up all the Rubbish people leave outside. You might need to get the same Jog as me but if you are Lucky you will get a Different one. Working here is great but very Hard. I hope you will come so that we can send even more money to the Family and maybe sometime I could pay them a Visit when you are working. If you tell me when you will arrive then I can come and Pick you up at the Bus Station. I hope the whole Family is well. Please write back as soon as Possible, to tell me all Information. There are a lot more Shops here and better health care. Please come to visit because I am starting too fell very Lonely. Even though I live with my Cousin I'm still Lonely because I never see her as she is working at Night and I am working at Day. The City is very nice and Different so Please Come to Visit. Goodbye, Your Brother Lucas. I am so happy because she wants to come and Visit me. I am really starting too fell Lonely and It would be great if she came, so I am holding Fingers crossed. I am sorry but I will have to go to work now.

Beyond Good and Evil

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche is usually considered as a forerunner of existentialism along with Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard can be considered as the champion of the orthodox Christianity. However, Christian absolutism, which requires total surrender to God, is totally not acceptable to Nietzsche, because according to him God is dead. The concept of death of God is best known among all philosophies of Nietzsche. According to him, since God is dead we have lost the foundation of truth and value.Human beings must find courage to become gods themselves (Lavine, 1984,p. 324). The greatest need of civilization now is to develop new type individual, supermen, who will be intellectually and morally independent. They will break all existing moral values, which are life- denying, to which masses are still enslaved. The only morality of the supermen will be to affirm life, to be powerful, creative, joyous, and free ( Lavine,1984,p. 325) In ‘Beyond Good and Evil’ he identifies a new set of philosophers, attempters, who will be the new legislators and creators.In order to make way for them, he criticizes all existing moral values and philosophies . He attacks Christianity and Buddhism in particular because he sees in them carriers of virtues of the weak. He presents his own ideas of morality. He says that the will to power is the underlining force in all living organism. Therefore, he denounces all virtues of peace, forgiveness, friendliness. However, the will to power is just one aspect of man. If this is the only principle of life, the only motivating factor in ones life, civilized societies cannot exist.Beyond Good and Evil can be a guide in society ruled by a dictator. Assuming that reading ‘Beyond Good and evil’ has influenced my life and I have accepted it as a guide in my life, the following changes are expected within me. An Attempter Beyond good and evil has made me an attempter- a new kind of philosophers, a free spirit. My whole life is chan ged for good. My concept of truth, life, religion and self is changed. My concept of truth. There are no absolute truths. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) There are no universal dogmas.What is true for me can be perfectly false for someone else. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) Every philosophy or science that I come across brings to my mind that this is said with moral prejudice and with the aim of making money. (Nietzsche,2004,para. 6) There, need not be a conviction. The Truth I know, if it is not acceptable to others I need not stand up to it. After all truth is not an incompetent creature requiring someone’s support. (Nietzsche,2004,para. 25) There is nothing called knowledge for it own sake(Nietzsche.ed. hughes) I will believe only truths that are revealed by my senses. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) I will be skeptical of everything that I come to know. Skepticism is a tool in my hand. I should not take anything as real except my drives, desires and passion. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes0 My concept of life. The feelings of devotion, self-sacrifice, morality of self-denial are to be completely avoided. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) I realize hatred, lust envy are not feelings that should be avoided but they are very essential to my life(Nietzsche.ed. hughes) I will not be attached to anything in this world. I will not be attached to my loved ones because every person is a prison, to my fatherland even if requires my help. I will not feel pity for anybody. I will not be attached to my own virtues. I will learn to control myself. (Nietzsche,2004,para. 41) I recognize that slavery, danger, experimentation, devilry, everything evil, tyrannical in man enhances the growth of man. Therefore, they are necessary for the humankind(Nietzsche,para. 44). My concept of religion.Christianity is a religion that I should avoid, since it is a religion of sacrifice, sacrifice of all freedom pride self-confidence. It is a religion of self-mockery, self-denial and enslavement. I abhor Christianity for th e three cardinal follies it practices i. e. , solitude, fasting and sexual abstinence. I need to just look away from these follies(Nietzsche,2004,para. 47). If I need fresh air I should not go to churches. I will stop believing in the existence of soul, therefore, there is no life after death. (Nietzsche,2004,para.30) . As an attempter I will make use of religion and politics in order to rule over others. I have a responsibility for the evolution of mankind(Nietzsche,2004,para. 45) There is no moral phenomena, only moral interpretations of phenomena. (Nietzsche,2004,para. 64) I will believe only truths that are revealed by my senses. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) Morality is against reason and freedom. It is a constrain. (Nietzsche. ed. Hughes) Every virtue tends towards stupidity and every stupidity towards virtue(Nietzsche) My concept of self.My essence is will to power, so prepositions like ‘Harm no one, rather help everyone as much as you are able' is false and sentimental (Niet zsche,ed. Hughes). My power to will should not be restrained My strength lies in my dangerous drives such as enterprisingness, revengefulness, ambition (Nietzsche,ed. Hughes). I will possess only those virtues which are useful to get along with my secret and heartfelt inclinations (Nietzsche. ed. Hughes). Honesty is my only virtue. I will be honest totally but not to an extent of becoming boring saint(Nietzsche.ed. Hughes). My concept of the society. Everything in this world seeks to discharge its strength, the will to power. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) The majority in the society are lesser mortals. Therefore I as an independent free spirit should wear masks or else I will be rejected and ridiculed. (Nietzsche,ed. Hughes) Democratic politics is not only politics in decay but also man in decay. (Nietzsche. ed. hughes) Herdsman. Human beings live in groups such as states, tribes, churches. These are human herds.Here majority of people live under obedience while handful of people rule the m. They are taught to unconditionally obey the rulers. The rulers consider themselves as representatives of God or servants of the people or instruments of good (Nietzsche,2004,para. 199). The characteristics of a herdsman and herds are as follows(Nietzsche,2004. para. 199) The herdsman glorifies virtues like humility, timidity, modesty and peace (Nietzsche,2004,para. 199). Strong dangerous drives such as hatred, revenge, enterprisingness are branded immoral.(Nietzshe,2004. para. 199) This over tenderness causes him to be soft on people who tend harm him, criminals (Nietzshe,2004,para. 199). Spiritual independence and will to stand alone are seen as dangerous, therefore such qualities are suppressed (Nietzsche. 2004,para199). When clever men get together they form a parliament(Nietzsche,para. 199). The Disadvantage of Being an Attempter. The will to power An attempter in trying to be different in everything loses his normal self. The attempter is too much occupied with his will to p ower.Will to power is one of the characteristics of men. However, the attempter considers it as his essence. The effect of such an attitude makes him an oppressor in any relationship. Will to power is common to all human beings. He runs into trouble when he meets another human with same type of inclination. In such a situation, as Hegel says there will be struggle unto death(Lavine,p. 220). Detachment He detaches himself from everything in life. He is not attached to his loved ones, his fatherland or his virtues. This makes him an ascetic.He is made into a machine without any human feelings. Dangerous drives. Human drives such as hatred, revenge are glorified by him. On the other hand soft qualities like modesty, humility, friendliness are looked down upon. Human beings are bundle of emotions. Every emotion has a place in the formation of a person. One cannot glorify some emotions and denounce some others. In the case of an attempter the killing instinct in man is given predominance . This makes him an unacceptable person in a civilized society.He is more at home in a society ruled by a dictator. The Advantage of a Herdsman. A herdsman has a balanced emotional level. He does not denounce any qualities as irrational. Nietzsche argues that the will to stand alone, higher intelligence being suppressed in herds(society) is not true. There is more freedom in a herdsman than an attempter. He lives in a democratic world where as the attempter tends towards dictatorship. He learns to obey authority, which is a very important quality to live in a societyAnimal instincts such as revenge hatred are not glorified but by considering them as immoral those harmful emotions are discouraged To Be an Attempter or To Be a Herdsman. I would prefer to be a herdsman. A herdsman is a person suitable in a civilized, democratic society. The life of a herdsman is lived in obedience to authority. He understands the importance of modesty, friendliness and peace. These qualities appeal to me more than a life lived with a sloe aim of dominating others.A life of an attempter is very mechanical. He does not have the human frailties which makes life interesting. He hates everything , suspects everything, tends to dominate everything. His life will be lonely and dull. Therefore to live a life filled with normal emotions of joy, pain, modesty, forgiveness I would prefer a herdsman’s life. Conclusion In ‘Beyond and Evil’ Nietzsche alludes that all life is exploitation. His will to power is seen as exploitation. The dominance of one’s will over another.All that enhances power is good. All that flows from weakness i. e. , peace, friendliness are bad. Hatred, vengeance, cruelty are essential for life. These concepts of life suit a dictator than a person living in a democratic society. He tries to present a new brand of philosophers called ‘attempters’ who embodies all these characters. They are supposed to be legislators and creators. Cr eators of moral values so that a new order of world will be created. Nietzsche call these philosophers as saviors of humankind.Thus, he attempts a dangerous experimental method. Therefore, we cannot live a life based on ‘Beyond Good and Evil’ References Lavine. T. Z. (1984). From Socrates To Sartre. New York: Bantam Books Nietzsche (2004, September23). Beyond Good and Evil Retrieved April 24, 2007 from http://www. mala. bc. ca/~johnstoi/Nietzsche/beyondgoodandevil2. htm Nietzche. F (n. d. ) Beyond Good and Evil. in G. Hughes. Retrieved April 23, 2007 from C:Documents and SettingsaaDesktopPhilosophy- Squashed Nietzsche – Beyond Good and Evil – Condensed Abridged. htm